PROPOSE OF TUNNEL CRACK INDEX (TCI) AS AN EVALUATION METHOD FOR LINING CONCRETE

An optimal method to design reinforced concrete lining of pressure tunnels

The utilization of the lining type in pressure tunnels is highly dependent on the geological and hydraulic conditions. There are two types of lining, namely concrete and steel lining but steel lining is one of the most expensive arrangements. To decrease the length of steel lining in these tunnels, the concrete lining, which prevents water seepage from the surrounding rock mass, is the appropri...

Evaluation of structural analysis of tunnel segmental lining using beam-spring method and force-method (Case study: Chamshir water conveyance tunnel)

The joints between segmental rings can withstand a certain amount of bending moment as well as axial and shear forces. Generally, in the structural analysis of tunnel segmental lining, the joints can be modeled as elastic hinges or rotational springs, and their rigidity should be demonstrated in terms of the rigidity of the joints or their rotational stiffness. Therefore, the bending moment act...

nano-rods zno as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of chromene phosphonates, direct amidation and formylation of amines

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An Analytical Method for the Evaluation of the RC Columns Capacity Strengthened by Concrete Overlays

An Analytical Method for the Evaluation of the RC Columns Capacity Strengthened by Concrete Overlays